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Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is located in southwestern Uganda in East Africa. The park is part of the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, and is situated along the Democratic Republic of Congo border next to the Virunga National Park and on the edge of the Albertine Rift. It comprises of jungle forests and contains both montane and lowland forest and is accessible only on foot. The Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is a UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site.〔(Bwindi Impenetrable National Park profile ) on UNESCO's World Heritage website〕〔(Bwindi Impenetrable National Park ), UNESCO World Heritage Site listing〕 The forest is one of the richest ecosystems in Africa, and the diversity of species is a feature of the park.〔 The park provides habitat for some 120 species of mammals, 348 species of birds, 220 species of butterflies, 27 species of frogs, chameleons, geckos and many endangered species. Floristically Bwindi is amongst the most diverse forests in East Africa, with more than 1,000 flowering plant species including 163 species of trees and 104 species of ferns. The northern (low altitude) sector is rich in species of the Guineo-Congolian flora. These include two species internationally recognised as endangered, the brown mahogany and ''Brazzeia longipedicellata''. In particular the area shares in the high levels of endemisms of the Albertine Rift. The park is a sanctuary for colobus monkeys, chimpanzees and many birds (such as hornbills and turacos). It is perhaps most notable for the 340 Bwindi gorillas, half the world's population of the critically endangered mountain gorillas. There are four habituated mountain gorilla groups open to tourism: Mubare; Habinyanja; Rushegura near Buhoma; and the Nkuringo group at Nkuringo.〔Uganda Wildlife Authority leaflet, May 2008.〕 == History == In 1932, two blocks of the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest were designated as Crown Forest Reserves. The northern block was designated as the "Kayonza Crown Forest Reserve", and the southern block designated as the "Kasatora Crown Forest Reserve".〔〔Korbee 2007, p. 7〕 These reserves had a combined area of . In 1942, the two Crown Forest Reserves were combined and enlarged,〔 and renamed the Impenetrable Central Crown Forest.〔 This new protected area covered an area of and was under the joint control of the Ugandan government's game and forest departments.〔 In 1964, the reserve was designated as an animal sanctuary〔 in order to provide extra protection to its mountain gorillas〔 and renamed the Impenetrable Central Forest Reserve.〔 In 1966, two other forest reserves became part of the main reserve, increasing its area to almost .〔 The park continued to be managed as both a game sanctuary and forest reserve.〔 In 1991, Impenetrable Central Forest Reserve—along with Mgahinga Gorilla Reserve and Rwenzori Mountains Reserve—was designated as a national park and renamed Bwindi Impenetrable National Park.〔 It covered an area of .〔Namara 2006, p.43〕 The national park was declared in part to protect a range of species within it, most notably the mountain gorilla. The reclassification of the park has a large impact on the Batwa pygmy people, who were evicted from the forest and no longer permitted to enter the park or access its resources.〔 Gorilla tracking became a tourist activity in April 1993, and the park became a popular tourist destination.〔 In 1994, a area was incorporated into the park. In 1994, it was inscribed on the World Heritage List.〔 The park's management changed: Uganda National Parks, since renamed Uganda Wildlife Authority, became responsible for the park.〔Korbee 2007, p.7-8〕 In 2003 a piece of land next to the park with an area of was purchased and incorporated into the park. In March 1999, a force of 100–150 former Rwandan Interahamwe guerrillas infiltrated across the border from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and kidnapped 14 foreign tourists and their Ugandan guide from the park headquarters, eventually releasing 6 and murdering the remaining 8 with machetes and clubs; several victims were reportedly tortured, at least one of the female victims was raped, and the Ugandan guide was doused with gasoline and lit on fire. The Interahamwe attack was reportedly intended to "destabilize Uganda" and frighten away tourist traffic from the park, depriving the Ugandan government of income. The park was forced to close for several months and the popularity of the gorilla tours suffered badly for several years, though attendance has since recovered due to greater stability in the area. An armed guard also now accompanies every tour group. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bwindi Impenetrable National Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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